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WTF Gas Optimization

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This article summarizes the gas optimization techniques for Solidity smart contracts using Foundry. It covers various techniques such as using constant and immutable variables, calldata over memory, Bitmap, unchecked operations, uint256 over uint8, custom error handling, local variables over storage, clone2 over new/create2, and packing storage slots. The gas cost for each technique is also provided. The article is contributed by the WTF Academy.

WTF Gas Optimization#

Solidity gas optimization techniques, using Foundry. 总结写 Solidity 智能合约更省 gas 的技巧。

大纲#

1. use constant and immutable

2. use calldata over memory

3. use Bitmap

4. use unchecked

5. use uint256 over uint8

6. use custom error over require/assert

7. use local variable over storage

8. use clone2 over new/create2

9. packing storage slots

1. use constant and immutable#

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 01_Constant/Constant.t.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Function NameGas Cost
varConstant183
varImmutable161 ✅
variable2305

2. use calldata over memory#

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 02_CalldataAndMemory/CalldataAndMemory.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Function NameGas Cost
writeByCalldata67905 ✅
writeByMemory68456

3. use Bitmap#

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 03_Bitmap/Bitmap.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Function NameGas Cost
setDataWithBitmap22366 ✅
setDataWithBoolArray35729

4. use unchecked#

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 04_unchecked/Unchecked.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Function NameGas Cost
forNormal1910309
forUnckecked570287 ✅

5. use uint256 over uint8#

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 05_uint/Uint.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Function NameGas Cost
read Uint82379
read Uint1282465
read Uint2562317 ✅
set Uint85355
set Uint1285358
set Uint2565322 ✅

6. use custom error over require/assert#

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 06_Error/Error.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Error NameGas Cost
Assert180
Require268
Revert164 ✅

7. use local variable over storage#

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 07_LocalData/LocalData.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Data TypeGas Cost
localData1902339 ✅
storageData4022155

8. use clone2 over new/create2#

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 08_Clone2/Clone2.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Create TypeGas Cost
clone241493 ✅
create293031
new79515

9. packing storage slots#

Code

Testing

forge test --contracts 09_Packing/Packing.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Create TypeGas Cost
normal133521
packing111351 ✅

WTF Gas Optimization 贡献者#

贡献者是WTF学院的基石 #

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